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Microbial Metabolite from Berry- and Pomegranate-Rich Diet Protects against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Singh et al show that urolithin A and its potent synthetic analog, UAS03, significantly enhance gut barrier function and inhibit unwarranted inflammation. Image credit: Praveen Kumar Vemula, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine / Venkatakrishna Jala, University of Louisville.
Jan 14, 2019 by News Staff

Urolithin A, a major microbial metabolite derived from polyphenolic compounds of berries and pomegranate fruits, and its synthetic structural analog, can reduce and protect against inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), according to new research from the University of Louisville and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem). Singh et al show that urolithin A and its potent synthetic analog,...

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Easter Island, known as Rapa Nui to its earliest inhabitants, is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. Image credit: Yerson Retamal.

Easter Islanders Built Their Monuments Close to Coastal Freshwater Sources, Researchers Say

Jan 11, 2019 by News Staff

Ancient inhabitants of Easter Island (Rapa Nui) built their famous statues (moai) and megalithic platforms (ahu) that supported them near the island’s...

An artist’s impression of crystallization in a white dwarf star. Image credit: Mark Garlick / University of Warwick.

White Dwarfs Observed Turning into Crystals

Jan 11, 2019 by News Staff

Astronomers using ESA’s galaxy-mapping spacecraft Gaia have discovered the first direct evidence that white dwarfs form crystal cores of metallic oxygen...

Mice with AD-like symptoms receiving supplemental levels of choline in the womb improved their spatial memory. A second generation bred from these choline-treated mice also showed improved spatial memory, suggesting epigenetic changes in genes. Choline acts to reduce harmful levels of the amino acid homocysteine, converting it to the beneficial chemical methionine. Image credit: Shireen Dooling, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University.

Choline: Vitamin-Like Nutrient May Help Protect against Alzheimer’s Disease

Jan 11, 2019 by News Staff

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is anticipated to increase significantly over the next few decades. This is alarming given that no effective...

Massive Exoplanet Found within Binary Star System

Jan 11, 2019 by Enrico de Lazaro

Astronomers using data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope have discovered a planet roughly twice the size of Earth orbiting a star in the low-mass binary...

An artist’s impression of Basilosaurus isis. Image credit: Pavel Riha / CC BY-SA 3.0.

Huge Archaic Whale Was Top Predator in Eocene Oceans

Jan 10, 2019 by News Staff

The stomach contents preserved in an adult specimen of the archaic whale Basilosaurus isis from the site of the Wadi Al Hitan in Egypt suggest it was an...

Less than a billion years after the Big Bang, a supermassive black hole began devouring anything within its gravitational grasp; this triggered a firestorm of star formation around the black hole; a galaxy was being born; a blowtorch of energy blazed across the Universe. Now, 12.8 billion years later, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captured the beacon from this event. But the telescope needed help to spot it: the gravitational warping of space by a comparatively nearby intervening galaxy greatly amplified and distorted the quasar’s light, making it the brightest such object seen in the early Universe. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / M. Kornmesser.

Astronomers Find Brightest Quasar of Early Universe

Jan 10, 2019 by News Staff

Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have spotted the brightest quasar ever seen in the early Universe. Less than a billion years after...

Irisin is produced by muscles during exercise. Image credit: Free-Photos.

‘Exercise Hormone’ Could Slow Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Jan 10, 2019 by News Staff

An international team of researchers led by Queen’s University, Columbia University and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro has found that irisin,...

The globally distributed dishes of the European VLBI Network are linked with each other and the 305-m William E. Gordon Telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. Together they have localized FRB121102’s exact position within its host galaxy. Image credit: Danielle Futselaar, www.artsource.nl.

Second Repeating Fast Radio Burst Detected

Jan 10, 2019 by News Staff

Astrophysicists from the CHIME (Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment) Collaboration have spotted 13 new fast radio bursts (FRB) — powerful...

ISS bacteria are just trying to survive. Image credit: Arek Socha.

Space Station Bacteria are Adapting to Survive, Not to Harm, Researchers Say

Jan 9, 2019 by News Staff

A team of scientists from Northwestern University and NASA’s Johnson Space Center has found that — despite its seemingly harsh conditions —...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Image credit: Kang B.C.H.

Scientists Discover New Complex Carbohydrate in Barley

Jan 9, 2019 by News Staff

A team of scientists at the University of Adelaide, Australia, has discovered a new complex carbohydrate in the barley (Hordeum vulgare), the world’s...

TESS discovered three small exoplanets around nearby stars. Image credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center / MIT News.

TESS Discovers Its Third Small Exoplanet: Sub-Neptune HD 21749b

Jan 9, 2019 by News Staff

NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered its third small exoplanet, named HD 21749b. The discovery will be reported in a paper...

Ribic et al discovered a new molecular mechanism that is essential for brain maturation and may be used to restore plasticity in aged brains. Image credit: Adema Ribic / Tufts University School of Medicine.

Neuroscientists Uncover Way to Restore Cortical Plasticity in Mature Brain

Jan 9, 2019 by News Staff

In a study on mice, a team of researchers from Tufts University School of Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine has discovered a molecular mechanism...

In a proposed neuromodulation device, two of the new chips would be embedded in a chassis located outside the head. Each chip could monitor electrical activity from 64 electrodes located into the brain while simultaneously delivering electrical stimulation to prevent unwanted seizures or tremors. Image credit: Rikky Muller / University of California, Berkeley.

Researchers Develop Wireless ‘Pacemaker for the Brain’

Jan 8, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, has developed a novel neurostimulator that can listen to and stimulate electric current...

Star formation in dwarf galaxies can slowly ‘heat up’ the dark matter, pushing it outwards. The left image shows the hydrogen gas density of a simulated dwarf galaxy, viewed from above. The right image shows the same for a real dwarf galaxy, IC 1613. In the simulation, repeated gas inflow and outflow causes the gravitational field strength at the center of the dwarf to fluctuate. The dark matter responds to this by migrating out from the center of the galaxy, an effect known as ‘dark matter heating.’ Image credit: Read et al, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty3404.

Astrophysicists Find First Observational Evidence for ‘Dark Matter Heating’

Jan 8, 2019 by News Staff

An international team of astrophysicists from the University of Surrey, Carnegie Mellon University and ETH Zürich has found evidence that dark matter...

Hubble Captures Best Ever Image of Triangulum Galaxy

Jan 8, 2019 by News Staff

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured a striking portrait of the Triangulum Galaxy, displaying a full spiral face aglow with the light of nearly...

Plasma cells (PC) are found in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients, yet their source and role in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Rojas et al find that some PC in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) originate in the gut and produce immunoglobulin A (IgA). Moreover, the researchers show that IgA + PC are dramatically reduced in the gut during EAE, and likewise, a reduction in IgA-bound fecal bacteria is seen in multiple sclerosis patients during disease relapse. Image credit: Rojas et al, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.035.

Gut-Derived Immune Cells Reduce Brain Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Jan 8, 2019 by News Staff

Studying mice and samples from multiple sclerosis patients, a research team led by University of Toronto scientists found that gut-derived immunoglobulin-A-(IgA)...

This new image from Hubble shows an elliptical galaxy called Messier 105. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / C. Sarazin et al.

Hubble Looks at Stunning Elliptical Galaxy Messier 105

Jan 8, 2019 by News Staff

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured an amazing new photo of the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 105. This new image from Hubble shows an elliptical...

Langin et al created the world’s first laser-cooled neutral plasma. Image credit: Brandon Martin / Rice University.

Physicists Create World’s First Laser-Cooled Neutral Plasma

Jan 7, 2019 by News Staff

Plasmas are naturally formed at high temperatures, such as those reached in the interiors of stars. Neutral plasmas consist of equal numbers of positive...

Large Magellanic Cloud on Collision Course with Milky Way Galaxy

Jan 7, 2019 by News Staff

The Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy located approximately 163,000 light-years away, is on a collision course with the Milky Way with which it will...

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