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Physicists Study Superionic Water’s Phase Behaviors

Hydrogen atoms diffuse easily between the superionic and the liquid phases. The liquid-fcc superionic interface of a water system with 20,736 atoms at 100 GPa and 3,250 K (on the melting curve) is shown. The oxygen atoms are red and the hydrogen atoms are white. The yellow, green and blue lines show the trajectories of three hydrogen atoms during a 75 ps molecular dynamics simulation run. Image credit: Cheng et al., doi: 10.1038/s41567-021-01334-9.
Sep 28, 2021 by News Staff

Using machine learning, a team of physicists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has studied the phase behaviors of superionic water — a phase of water where hydrogen atoms become liquid-like while oxygen atoms remain solid-like on a crystalline lattice — with unprecedented resolution. Hydrogen atoms diffuse easily between the superionic and the liquid phases. The liquid-fcc superionic interface of a water system with 20,736 atoms...

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By analyzing images taken by Hubble between 2009 and 2020, Wong et al. found that the average wind speed just within the boundaries of the Great Red Spot, set off by the outer green circle, have increased by up to 8% and exceed 640 km per hour; in contrast, the winds near the storm’s innermost region, set off by a smaller green ring, are moving significantly more slowly; both move counterclockwise. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Michael H. Wong, University of California, Berkeley.

Hubble Measures Horizontal Winds in Jupiter’s Great Red Spot

Sep 28, 2021 by News Staff

Using data from the WFC3/UVIS instrument on board the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers has measured the horizontal winds in Jupiter’s...

The 2,000-year-old quarry in Jerusalem, Israel. Image credit: Shai Halevi / Israel Antiquities Authority.

Israeli Archaeologists Uncover Second Temple Period Quarry

Sep 27, 2021 by News Staff

Archaeologists excavating in Jerusalem have discovered a vast quarry dating from 2,000 years ago (Second Temple period). The 2,000-year-old quarry in Jerusalem,...

Photograph and line drawing of the Caudipteryx specimen. Image credit: Zheng et al., doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8.

Paleontologists Find Chromatin Threads in Fossilized Dinosaur Cartilage

Sep 27, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

Paleontologists have analyzed cartilage material from Caudipteryx, an oviraptorosaurid dinosaur that lived in what in now China some 125 million years...

High-precision mass measurements of neutron-deficient indium isotopes with ISOLTRAP: radioactive atoms were produced by nuclear reactions of 1.4 GeV protons impinging on a thick lanthanum carbide target; short-lived indium atoms diffusing from the target were selectively ionized using a two-step laser excitation scheme, provided by the ISOLDE RILIS, which excited one electron above the indium ionization potential (IP); the extracted ion beam was mass separated and injected into a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion trap sitting on a high-voltage (HV) platform, where it was bunched and cooled; the beam was then processed by an MR-ToF MS to separate the indium ions from the isobaric contaminants; when the precision Penning trap was used for the mass measurement, further cooling and purification of the beam was achieved using a helium buffer-gas-filled preparation Penning trap; a position-sensitive microchannel plate (MCP) detector was used to record the time of flight and/or the position of the ion after ejection from the precision Penning trap; in the case of indium-99, for which the production yield was too low, the MR-ToF MS was used to perform the mass measurement. Image credit: Mougeot et al., doi: 10.1038/s41567-021-01326-9.

CERN Physicists Measure Masses of Exotic Indium Nuclei

Sep 27, 2021 by News Staff

The isotope tin-100 is of interest for nuclear structure due to its closed-shell proton and neutron configurations. It is also the heaviest nucleus comprising...

Etruscan dancers and musicians in the Tomb of the Leopards in Tarquinia, Italy. Image credit: Yann Forget.

Ancient DNA Analysis Sheds New Light on Origin of Etruscans

Sep 27, 2021 by News Staff

Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History and elsewhere have sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 82 individuals that...

This Hubble image shows the active barred spiral galaxy NGC 5728. The color image was made from separate exposures taken in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum with Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Four filters were used to sample various wavelengths. The color results from assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / Riess et al. / J. Greene.

Hubble Looks at Active Spiral Galaxy: NGC 5728

Sep 27, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has taken the most detailed image so far of a barred spiral galaxy called NGC 5728. This Hubble image shows the active...

Members of the Fornax Cluster fill this image from the Dark Energy Camera on the Víctor M. Blanco 4-m Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Image credit: CTIO / NOIRLab / DOE / NSF / AURA / T.A. Rector, University of Alaska Anchorage & NSF’s NOIRLab / J. Miller, Gemini Observatory & NSF’s NOIRLab / M. Zamani, NSF’s NOIRLab / D. de Martin, NSF’s NOIRLab.

Dark Energy Camera Focuses on Fornax Cluster

Sep 24, 2021 by News Staff

Astronomers using the 570-megapixel Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on Víctor M. Blanco 4-m Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile,...

Life reconstruction of the armored dinosaur Borealopelta markmitchelli, which lived in what is now Alberta, Canada, some 110 million years ago, eating ferns. Image credit: Julius Csotonyi / Royal Tyrrell Museum.

Fossil of Earliest Known Ankylosaur Unearthed in Morocco

Sep 24, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

The newly-discovered dinosaur species, Spicomellus afer, is the earliest-known ankylosaur and the first ankylosaur to be named from Africa. Life reconstruction...

The supercontinent Nuna about 1.59 billion years ago. Image credit: Alexandre DeZotti.

Mantle beneath Earth’s Continents Experienced Large-Scale Heating Two Billion Years Ago

Sep 24, 2021 by News Staff

New research from the University of Adelaide sheds light on why cold eclogites — high-pressure, metamorphic rocks that consist primarily of garnet...

The ancient human footprints found at White Sands National Park in New Mexico, the United States. Image credit: Bennett et al., doi: 10.1126/science.abg7586.

23,000-Year-Old Human Footprints Discovered in New Mexico

Sep 24, 2021 by News Staff

In a study of exposed outcrops of Lake Otero in New Mexico, the United States, archaeologists have discovered numerous human footprints dating to about...

This Hubble image shows GAL-CLUS-022058-38303, the largest, nearly-complete Einstein ring known. The image is made up of observations from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) in the infrared and optical parts of the spectrum. Three filters were used to sample various wavelengths. The color results from assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / Saurabh Jha, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey / L. Shatz.

Astronomers Study ‘Molten Einstein Ring’ in Detail

Sep 23, 2021 by News Staff

Located in the southern constellation of Fornax, GAL-CLUS-022058-38303 is a so-called Einstein ring — a distorted image of a gravitationally lensed...

An artist’s impression of the InSight lander on Mars. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.

InSight Detects Three Strong Marsquakes

Sep 23, 2021 by News Staff

On September 18, 2021, NASA’s InSight lander celebrated its 1,000th Martian day by measuring one of the biggest, longest-lasting marsquakes its has ever...

The common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). Image credit: Uwe Schmidt.

Study: Vampire Bats Prefer to Hunt with Socially Bonded Roostmates

Sep 23, 2021 by News Staff

During nightly foraging trips, closely bonded females of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) depart their roost separately, but often reunite far outside...

Computer simulations of running locomotion in a modern tinamou bird (brown) and the extinct theropod dinosaur Coelophysis (green). Gray tiles - 50 cm. Image credit: Bishop et al., doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7348.

Bipedal Dinosaurs Wagged Their Tail while Running, New Study Reveals

Sep 23, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

The tail of bipedal non-avian dinosaurs played a role analogous to the swinging arms of humans during walking and running, according to new research led...

The pied hoverfly (Scaeva pyrastri). Image credit: Will Hawkes.

Hoverflies Navigate with ‘Time-Compensated Sun Compass’

Sep 23, 2021 by News Staff

The Sun is the most reliable celestial cue for orientation available to daytime migratory insects. New research led by the University of Exeter shows that...

REBELS galaxies: green and orange colors represent radiations from ionized carbon atoms and dust particles, respectively, observed with ALMA, and blue represents near-infrared radiation observed with ESO’s VISTA telescope and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescopes. Image credit: ALMA / ESO / NAOJ / NRAO / NASA / ESA / Hubble / Fudamoto et al.

ALMA Spots Two Dust-Obscured Galaxies in Early Universe

Sep 22, 2021 by News Staff

Astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have discovered two heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxies — REBELS-12-2...

Partially processed view of Tycho Crater at a resolution of nearly 5 x 5 m and containing approximately 1.4 billion pixels, taken during a radar project by Green Bank Observatory, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and Raytheon Intelligence & Space using the Green Bank Telescope and antennas in the Very Long Baseline Array. Image credit: NRAO / GBO / Raytheon / NSF / AUI.

Radio Astronomers Snap High-Resolution Image of Tycho Crater

Sep 22, 2021 by News Staff

Using new radar technology on the 100-m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope, astronomers have imaged a relatively young lunar crater called Tycho. Partially...

This composite image of the galaxy cluster MACSJ 0138 shows data from ALMA and Hubble. Image credit: ALMA / ESO / NAOJ / NRAO / S. Dagnello, NRAO / STScI / Whitaker et al.

Early Universe’s Massive Galaxies Had Very Little Amounts of Star-Forming Gas, Study Says

Sep 22, 2021 by News Staff

Massive galaxies in the early Universe should have contained large amounts of cold molecular gas, the fuel required to make stars. But new observations...

A pair of Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica). Image credit: Mali Ancor.

Scientists Sequence Genome of Atlantic Puffin

Sep 22, 2021 by Natali Anderson

Researchers have sequenced analyzed the genome of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), a small auk with a large head and a colorful bill. Using the...

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